DW Documentary (2019). Architecture, art and design – 100 years of the Bauhaus (1/3) | DW Documentary. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rg3X1vZN5TA [Accessed 21 May 2019].
Titel Thesem Tempramente (2019). 100 Jahre Bauhaus: Was ist von der Idee geblieben? | ttt. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGkykoF5kyo [Accessed 21 May 2019].
2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus movement since it started to revolutionize design. However, Bauhaus is more than just its distinct style and its design elements, it is a philosophy. More importantly, Bauhaus underlies fundamental and revolutionary educational principles. This was well documented in the Bauhaus manifesto and in the practical as well as theoretical curriculum of the Bauhaus school. The main appeal of Bauhaus and its original idea was to connect artists of different crafts to follow a united goal: to build a new generation of artists to create a better world and a better human experience. The dominant idea of Bauhaus is that the measure of all things is neither the fashion nor the system and certainly not the capital, but the human being (Titel Thesem Tempramente, 2019). Bauhaus founder, Gropius, aimed to establish a universal design language to form the modern human being in the modern era. His belief is that to accomplish this, design does not only need to be taught academically but students also need to be equipped with practical skills and be given the opportunity to experiment with materials and mediums (Bauhaus100.de, 2018)
Bauhaus students were educated on the new art movement in the Bauhaus school in Germany. The closure of the school, enforced by the Nazi regime, did not mean the end of it. The opposite happened as former Bauhaus students immigrated to different parts of the world and continued their work, utilizing the Bauhaus principles. This led to the implementation of the Bauhaus style in different ways in many countries and the attraction of a global audience (DW Documentary, 2019).
There are two essential ideas that coin the Bauhaus philosophy, which are of high importance across all art and design disciplines. One of the fundamental ideas is the unity of craftsmanship and art and the other one is that art should not be produced to be aesthetically pleasing. Design should be solution- oriented and functional (Kunst-zeiten.de, 2014)
The opinions about the influence of Bauhaus on the current design landscape differ. Some experts think the Bauhaus spirit still lives on and can be seen influencing modern design across different disciplines. On the other side, there are experts like Philipp Oswalt, who oppose that view by stating Bauhaus and its core idea is dead. He describes in an interview that one of the main appeals of Bauhaus was that it sought after new solutions and was often ahead of its time. Today, this would not be the case anymore, according to Oswalt, Modern society celebrates individualism which leads to a fetishization of aesthetic values and the loss of design’s potential to express critic (Kürsten, 2019).
In this essay I will critically evaluate and analyse one contemporary example of design, which was argueably influenced by the Bauhaus philosophy and design movement. It is to determine, whether Bauhaus thinking still has an influence on modern design today after 100 years of its historical existence, or if we are simply fascinated by the Bauhaus mythos.
Yinka Ilori is a Nigerian British designer, who appeared in the 3 part docuseries from DW: Bauhaus World. He received his product and furniture design education from London Metropolitan University and designs a variety of things, inspired by his Nigerian culture. His work is vibrant, fun, colourful and highly narrative.
In the docuseries, he highlights that he needed to teach himself the practical skills of design as his university mainly focused on the theoretical education. Ilori taught himself the craft of refurbishing furniture and how to paint; these are skills he needs to realise his designs. He admires the Bauhaus approach of design education where craftmanship and art were united and taught accordingly. For him the crafting process is just as important as developing a design concept.
Ilori uses colours and shapes intuitively and experiments with different materials, which is part of his design process. This mirrors the Bauhaus philosophy when it came to educating their students on arts and craftsmanship. Students were supposed to experiment with different mediums and not simply copy certain guidelines. This intuitive approach led to the key elements that we associate with the Bauhaus style now: minimalistic, geometrical shapes, made for mass production, lack of decoration and use of flat primary colours. Ilori uses bright vibrant colours in his work, which indicates that his style does not align with the Bauhaus idea. However, Bauhaus student Josef Albers wrote a book called “Interaction of Color”, where he describes that designers should choose their colour palette carefully, respecting their meanings in culture and nature (Wilshere, 2016). His wife Anni Albers was a textile artist and print maker, who was known for blurring the lines between art and traditional craft. She was inspired by the culture around her when she was in South America and used local traditional patterns in her work (DW Documentary, 2019). This shows that, Iloris choice of colour and pattern does not automatically ‘disqualify’ him as a Bauhaus artist. He uses bright colours to express his cultural heritage ansnd the African culture. Therefore, it goes along with the Bauhaus idea.
In an interview Ilori explains that he seeks to create something new by using old objects he is inspired by. He wants to give them a narrative and a new meaning (Holeandcorner.com, 2015). Bauhaus was all about creating a new generation of artists and producing new designs that fulfill a function the modern world demanded. Gropius stated: “An object is defined by its nature. In order to design it to function properly, one must first of all study its nature” (Cook quotes Gropius, 2017). On the one hand, Iloris upcycling approach to design defies the Bauhaus philosophy as practitioners of the Bauhaus movement set out to develop completely new shapes, forms and concepts to achieve functionality to serve the modern human being. It also does not align with Bauhaus encouraging consumerism and mass production (Sission, 2019). On the other hand, Ilori does drastically change the appearance of an object, like a chair, by reinterpreting it and with that making it ‘functional’ again for the modern consumer. The modern consumer has different demands nowadays. The average consumer does not only look for functionality but also individuality, meaning and aesthetic appeal. This aspect would support what architect Oswalt stated: Bauhaus is dead because design without aesthetic value is no longer desired. However, Iloris\ design process can also be viewed as putting the Bauhaus idea into a modern context. People are in favour of the idea of upcycling and creating something new out of something old (Petro, 2019). This highlights that individualism is certainly a core aspect of modern society and dominates the design landscape. In an interview Iloris mentions that he does not like his work to be associated with upcycling stating: “I think my work is about more than just upcycling; it’s about narrative. After I’ve worked on the chairs, they become sculptures” (Dunmall quotes Iloris, 2018).
In the about section on his own website, Iloris makes known that he is interested in the relationship between function and form, which leads to believe that his approach of giving old objects new purpose and meaning through his design, is primarily motivated by the Bauhausian principle: form after function, or in this case achieving function through reforming,
Another interesting aspect of Iloris design approach is that he does not limit himself to a specific design branch or medium. He designs furniture, book covers, posters and product packaging. Bauhaus was emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinarity. Solely the word Bauhaus carries the connotation of the ‘Gesamtkunstwerk’ (trsl. complete work of art). Gropius understood art and design not as the works of one genius but the efforts of a well-formed team (Meyer, 2009). This also indicates what I have disussed in my professional development plan. A Graphic designer nowadays is expected to complete a project start to finish, mastering different disciplines and design skills. It confirms how Bauhaus thinking was ahead its time by foreseeing the importance of combining a multitude of aspects of design like architecture, painting, textile work and commercial design. Artists are fluent in multiple design languages and the border between art disciplines are slowly fading away.
The Bauhaus movement aimed to improve the human experience, which translated into them building social housing focusing on designing bright, open spaces in which people can live comfortably but also interact with one another. They built houses in East Germany, where socially disadvantaged and economically better off people can live in community. (DW Documentary, 2019). It is worth mentioning, that there are also facts opposing that Bauhaus was attempting to dismantle social differences, which is the abominable treatment of women in the profession, and the lack of class and racial diversity (Holleran, 2019). Nontheless, Bauhaus moved away from appearance to focus on people’s needs to create something supporting their activities (Norman, 2017). Ilori attempts to build a bridge through his designs and connects people and cultures. He does so by bringing Nigerian traditions into conversation with contemporary design. This is not only of importance to him personally to express his multi-culturality, as a Nigerian growing up in London. It also assures that African designers are not overlooked and can insert themselves into the contemporary design discourse. To connect people and their heritage through design is important nowadays, in an ever more connected and multi-cultural becoming world.
Concluding, the Bauhaus idea was not about simply copying existing guidelines and designs but about creating designs for the modern world. The two main philosophies behind Bauhaus were uniting all branches of art with craftmanship, as well as seeking function before form. During my analysis I came to the conclusion that the chosen contemporary design example, Yinka Ilori, definitely shows that his work and his approach to design is influenced by the Bauhaus idea. Bauhaus’ philosophy was the freedom of creativity and Ilori explores the creative space in a new way. He is discovering new ways of designing and merging two cultures into one through design. Nontheless, it is to mention that this designer is utilizing his own personal life experience and perspective to convey a message through unique new forms rather than applying a more broader approach other designers could follow. That being said, seeking for uniqueness and reflecting on the modern world in the parameters that are known to yourself, is part of the human condition and almost unavoidable. I do not believe objective design exists, because even though famous Bauhaus designs resemble key features, they also differ depending on the designer and the discipline it was applied to. Once you look into the indicidual story of the Bauhaus designer and artist, you come to realise that everyone has a unique approach to how do design Bauhaus. The reason for that being, Bauhaus is a way of thinking and not one specific style.
Note on sources used:
It was very helpful to watch documentaries on Bauhaus and shorter Youtube videos (listed in Bibliography). I also used research the internet as my main research method. I read through various onlline articles, blogs and Google books. I came across many media outlets emphasizing the existence of Bauhaus in todays day in age, where as it was harder to find experts that oppose that view. Nevertheless, I found people that actually utter their optinions about Bauhaus having lost its influence on todays design and society, despite the overwhelming noise that comes from conventional media about Bauhaus being influential and present to this day. I came to realise that reading through interviews with certain practitioners was espeically helpful to learn more about specific thoughts behind opinions and design approaches.
DW Documentary (2019). Architecture, art and design – 100 years of the Bauhaus (1/3) | DW Documentary. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rg3X1vZN5TA [Accessed 21 May 2019].
Titel Thesem Tempramente (2019). 100 Jahre Bauhaus: Was ist von der Idee geblieben? | ttt. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGkykoF5kyo [Accessed 21 May 2019].
A study has shown that creative jobs are the most likely to persist in the future, because a creative mind and the human imagination cannot be replaced through automation (Dodgson, 2017)). That being said, pen and paper is not enough anymore, and in order to compete, Graphic Designers must adapt to changing requirements. There are not only traditional Graphic Design jobs but also new roles, developed through the recent changes in the creative industry. I am confident there will be even more career paths to explore in the future, currently unknown to us. Some of the roles available now include art director, photographer, logo designer, brand and identity designer, typographer, illustrator, animator, freelance designer or even teaching through online tutorials (example: Sara Faber)
The creative industry is constantly changing. This is not only due to new emerging styles and trends but also the growth of the industry and its market value. There is a high demand on creatives as businesses look to maximise their sales, market to their target audience and extend their reach. In times of over-stimulation and competitive markets businesses need to stay current when using new mediums and appealing visuals, which is why Graphic design jobs are readily available across different sectors.
Graphic designers not only need to be skilled in their specific craft but are expected to take on more than one role, often managing the project and covering multiple disciplines.
Graphic designers must also stay current, especially with the latest software innovations that equips them with the ability to generate unique content quickly.
This highlights, that a Graphic Designer in 2019 is held to a high standard when it comes to being a multi-disciplinary, a creative mind, a life long learner, and a tech native, all while creating unique high quality content and delivering results to brief while obeying deadlines.
Therefore, a Graphic Designer needs to be able to seek inspiration and be creative in a timely manner, have a distinct style, or in some cases be able to adapt to a wide range of styles. Sketches need to be digitalised and in order to be applied to different formats and mediums. This type of work requires a dedicated person with an open mind and willingness to learn. Comparing this to the past, it becomes apparent that the job of a Graphic Designer has evolved and now goes hand in hand with modern technology. Some people may see it as a source of evil, which poses a threat to certain jobs, disrupting the established workflows of the creative industry. I think it enables the creative to generate outstanding content with their own ideas in mind and inspires a whole new generation to create.
Personally, I am inspired by freelance illustrators and designers who showcase their work on social media platforms, such as Instagram. They showcase their work to a large audience on a powerful platform and compete to be seen to gain exposure. This allows people to develop a distinct style, which they can explore and refine over time. These illustrators establish themselves and sell their designs in the form of pins, cards, prints and stickers online. I see how they improve and companies commission them based on their unique style. I aspire to be part of the illustration community and stand out through my art style and receive acknowledgement from brands. The opportunity to design something in my own style for media personalities or companies is exciting to me and due to the fluid nature of this industry, I see no end to the creative possibilities. One illustrator I admire is: Ju Schnee, who is based in Berlin, Germany.
Below is my Personal Skills Audit using the SWOT Analysis:
Strengths:
Creative ideas, eager to learn, ability to adapt, passionate about illustrating, experienced networker, approachable personality, enthusiastic, project focused, mission: to make the world brighter and pinker, I am a millennial who is familiar with contemporary pop culture and relevant topics and trends, aware of target audience, eye for illustrations and colour combinations, imagination, playful style that draws people in and has a personal feel to it
Weaknesses:
Limited time (full-time job), need to build skills in design software and formatting, limited professional drawing skills, lack of knowledge of the business administration side of the creative industry, inexperienced in social media for business use
Opportunities:
I work at Adobe and can use my position to receive advice and tutoring, I can attend networking events and engage with fellow creators on social media, get involved with online challenges to build a platform, such as “Draw it your style”-challenge, I can utilise my LinkedIn Learning access through work, I live in a creatively inspiring city, I have access to the Adobe CC and own an iPad and Magic Pen, which is the basis of digital work.
Threats:
Time management skills, a very competitive market with highly talented fellow freelance artists
I will reflect on skills that I think are necessary before showing you my Weekly Development Plan.
Instagram is a great platform to start on, because it is accessible and widely used. I would need to build a following. Some people with amazing work do not have the amount of followers they deserve, which means it is about cracking the social media success code. It is all about using the right hashtags. posting frequently, engaging with the audience and other creatives on the platform and participating on challenges. In addition, time management and commitment is key factor and the ability to expose myself to opportunities. This creates the need to learn how to self-promote, because if I don’t, who will? This would entail being more outspoken and confident about my work and conducting some research on markets like the Dublin Artfully Market to see how other designers present their work to the public.
Simultaneously, I will need to develop my style and technique, as well as learn new software to produce high quality content. This is a continuous learning process.
Regarding long term goals, I would also need to educate myself more on the business side and put certain parameters in place, such as opening an Etsy store, creating a website, contact email etc. I would also be interested in exploring a new style or medium, which I have not tried yet at all. This would help me to broaden my horizon, to keep an open mind and to define my style better. Something that would come to mind are bringing illustrations to the photo medium. I first came across it on YouTube (example: Vogue YouTube) and then found examples of digital portraits and photo edits on Instagram (Af Illustrations).
Personal Development Plan To-do list:
In my first week I focused on tutorials and absorbing as much information as possible. LinkedIn Learning was a great platform for that I found the courses worthwhile. I took notes and tried to practice and follow their tasks. I learned short cuts, new features and had the opportunity to study a professional workflow. This helped foster my skills and encouraged me to illustrate more. I uploaded my work to my Instagram and used hashtags to make them more discoverable.
I maintained this throughout the project and it helped me gain a followers and people engaged with my post through the comment section. The book that I read helped me to get an overview of all the things I need to keep in mind when illustrating and intending to have a career as an illustrator.
For the second week I decided to move away from ‘just’ posting online and to have a printed piece in my hand with my illustration on it. The opportunity presented itself when an Arts and Crafts market (in week 3) was announced at my church. I decided I would print 5 different designs to see what kind of feedback I will receive. The print process was simple; I sent the files to my local print shop via email. At the market, people were pleased with my illustrations and I made several sales. Many asked how I made them and complimented the bright mix of colours. Although I was nervous, the positive feedback was a great reward and confidence booster and I enjoyed being able to give a printed illustration to someone. I also went to the Artfully Market in town at the weekend to have a look and talk to designers. Everyone was very eager to share how they first started illustrating. I realised that many feel that they were ‘still a work in progress’ but were trying their best to establish themselves. It was amazing to see so many great works and talented people.
I plan to be a participant at one of the market events this summer. I researched cheap quality print options in week 4 to not only print postcards but also stickers, pins and totebags. I noticed that finances and budgeting play an important role when it comes to producing art for sale. Hence, I decided to put a certain amount of money aside each moth to realise products with my designs on them. Aside from my instagram page and engaging with other designers I tried to be generally more open about the work I do. A series of circumstance lead to my work being noticed by a local coffeeshop owner, who offered to exhibit my art on one of his walls. I felt honored, excited and, of course, nervous. This is the first time my art has been publicly shown. I picked some of my favourite illustrations, framed them and hung them in the coffee shop.
The owner was pleased and I can still not believe my work is up in one of Dublin’s cafes.
The coffee shop owner gave me the opportunity to fill the whole wall with my illustrations and to put down my business cards. This shows that self promotion and engaging with people around you can lead to amazing opportunities. I will work on more designs and fill that wall in the next coming weeks and start designing and printing my own business cards. This feels like a huge step toward becoming a freelance illustrator.
Draft business card
In week five I wanted to experiment with a new design style, illustrative photo edits and digital portraits. I looked through some Instagram accounts I followed (example: Af Illustrations)
Here are some examples:
I enjoyed this exercise and will continue to explore new styles and techniques. In the same week I decided to participate in the “Draw it in your style”-challenge on instagram, which provided me an opportunity to engage with fellow designers. This is a fun way to learn new skills and push me out of my comfort zone:
(Left original by @anaiscrdesign and right my illustration)
The book I read in week 1 also had useful information about the importance of self promotion. As suggested, I let my instagram followers know that I am open for commissions and after a few days I received my first request and completed my very first paid illustrator job for an online store.
My first commission work
I was over the moon and tried to be as professional as possible. The client gave me creative freedom and after carefully researching their audience and listening to how they want to use the image, I came up with this design for their 3000 follower giveaway. For the future, this experience taught me to have certain parameters and workflows in place to assure am easy and clear ‘transaction’ in case I would be juggling multiple projects and deadlines at once.
The 1-2-1 Illustrator session with my friend helped me learn basic and more advanced features. After seeing how much I could learn within an hour of tutoring I will practice on my own and implement newly squired skills in my work.
Made with AI CC
Finally, I applied for the ADOBE WESP programme, a shadowing programme for Adobe employees to experience working in a department you are interested in. It is designed to support employee’s professional development. I got the exciting news that I was accepted and will be able to see the routine of an Adobe Product Design Evangelists in Adobe San Jose in September this year.
On reflection, scheduling tasks for yourself and setting goals and paths how to achieve them, helped me grow personally and professionally.
Going forward, I will dedicate my time practicing my illustration skills. I will do so by following online tutorials and taking on private projects to experiment and ultimately improve my skills. I will also sign up for an actual drawing course to improve my basic drawing skills.
On top of that, I would like to be more active online and post content on a regular basis. This will not only enable me to showcase my work and engage with the community is also a opportunity to receive valubale feedback.
Furthermore, I will make a plan to create products with my illustrations on it and set up an Etsy store to have a platform to sell them on. This will take dedication and I will have to evaluate what my audience would be interested in buying . Hence, I will need to budget accordingly and work on my illustrations. I have already looked into a weekend course, which gives you advice and insights into steps that need to be taken to set up your own small business successfully (business plan etc.). The business side of freelancing is a completely unknown aspect to me, which I think a course ike that will be of great help.
Moreover, I will conduct more research on the illustrator scene in Dublin in order to participate on events and mingle with fellow freelance illustrators.
Pop Art is a movement, which emerged at the end of war in the 1950s and a consumer boom followed. It was a time of optimism and people wanted move towards a more popular rather than academic art taste.
Pop Art attempted to create easily understandable and accessible design, hence their designs reflect everyday life and ordinary objects, such as food products and known beverages. The artist were not in favour of the principles of simplicity and hierarchy, as they prioritized style and inserted an illustrative style, bright colours and dense patterns in their designs. They also believed in a less strict placement when it comes to type and layout design (DID slides contextual studies week 5). Pop Art is innovative, charged with irony and satire and recognizable imagery.
A very famous practitioner is Paula Scher, who revolutionized the world of Graphic Design. She believes in pushing boundaries and continues to do so. She has been described as “master conjurer of the instantly familiar” and combines pop culture and fine art in her work (Pentagram, 2019). She specifies on type, as she describes type as painting with words and is inspired by contemporary culture.
Paula Scher
She also has her own episode in the Netflix show “Abstract”, in which different artists explain their creative process and what inspires them.
How did the entertainment industry and pop culture influence graphic design?
Paula Scher already mentions one important point in her trailer: Design needs to exist in many different ways and need to be identifiable. In the mentioned documentary it is stated that all messages are different and nowadays they are everywhere.
This is very true, as nowadays we live in a world filled with advertising. People and companies want their message to stand out and the only way of doing so is by implementing great design. People of the 21st century however, want to feel like they are part of something and design can include a whole group of people by making something recognizable while allowing them to pick things apart putting it together with something new.
The internet is definitely a game changer for the entertainment industry but also for Graphic Design. Design is not only on the streets but also exists in a digital space and its demand increases by new mediums and visual forms such as 3D graphics being made possible. People can engage with different mediums on social media and create new visuals with their own commentary and content almost feels excessive now. Nonetheless, design that conveys a relevant message and relates back to the current pop culture does have meaning and it speaks to a wide audience.
The contemporary culture and technology also produced a new market for design. Youtubers need merch designs, musicians need an album cover, comedians need to have poster designs for their shows, and a new Kardashian cosmetic product needs to have a brand identity. This shows that both the artists and the designers influenced by the desire to create something appealing and commercially successful.
I think this quote sums it up nicely: “Everybody loves design that pops. The abundance social networks has redefined being famous. The visual culture of today cannot be imagined without thousands and thousands of photos (…). We can never outgrow pop art because it will surely outlive us.” (Arsen, 2016)
Like the name indicates, this style was developed in Switzerland, where many artists settled due to the country’s political neutrality during World War 2. Young designers embraced the so called, objective graphic design and decided that visual language needs control. Object design was supposed to be design that uses typography and photography to communicate facts to the audience. Hence, the design needed to be simple and was driven by the use of simple typography. On top of that, photography was preferred over illustrations because of the overall aim of objectivity. Illustrations can contain personal expression, whereas photography couldn’t be that easily manipulated. The type used were plain sans serifs as they embodied the perfect modern font without historical attachment to them. The objective of the movement was to deliver the truth to the audience, despite the design being utilized in a medium like advertising, which is supposed to sell a certain vision and agenda to people. Swiss designers managed to catch the audience eyes through the simplicity and uniformity of their style and their strategic use of colour. The designers used solid and bright colours and combined them in unusual ways. They also made use of the primary colours. (Smashing Magazine, 2009).
But why did the participants of this movement decide to limit their design to certain elements?
The objective design language of the Swiss Style was a response to the extremes that WW2 brought and installed into the culture. Swiss Design principles can be seen as an attempt to erase all the political pressures and violent extremes from people’s lives through a simple design language. It was supposed to evoke a sense of calm and in a way promote a calm environment for the culture to heal (Orange Box Ceo, 2017).
Summary of key features of the Swiss Style (Taken from the DID slides):
Clean directness
Neutral and universal style
Underlying grid structure
Asymmetrical layout
Preference of Sans Serifs like Helvetica, Universal and Fututra
Geometric forms
No decorative elements
Type ragged to the right
One of the practitioners was Max Huber (1919-1992), who is a Swiss Graphic Designer who later on moved to Milan, Italy.
He included photography, illustration and painting in his work and his design was coined by its dynamic quality and mixing of elements like typography and photography. He definitely stood out by using bright colours, while using the grid system and keeping a clear, dynamic and rational concept in all of his works (Petrolicious Productions, 2014).
Here are some of his designs:
Contemporary examples:
The Swiss style influence can still be found today in contemporary work. A Swiss design studio called neoneo utilizes the style it in a quirky way, intentionally creating strange and absurd advertising material for brands, events and products. They describe the Swiss style today to be “much more diverse, emotional and fun” (Neoneo, 2019). On their website, the studio introduces themselves and what inspires their work, stating that they have a fascination for details and experimentation and are looking to create visionary designs.
This for example is a poster they designed for a festival, which definitely reflects the Swiss style while interpreting and using it in a unique manner.
I was interested in trying the Swiss Style myself and creating a poster using one of the Swiss colour palettes, suggested here: Swiss Colors
The colour palettes of the Swiss Style is what really stands out to me the most and is a distinguishing factor from the Baushaus and Constructivism movement.
I chose the colour palette (displayed on the right) and came up with a concept, which embodies the Swiss Style principles we have discussed above. Please keep in mind, I drew this on my iPad, hence the lines are not perfectly geometrically aligned like they should be. I think you will still be able to get an idea.
My attempt to design a Swiss Style poster
The design process, following the Swiss design principles made me realise that limiting yourself to using certain elements or characteristics only, helps to produce a clean visual and make for a string concept. I will definitely try to utilize the newly learned principles of the Swiss Style (or now called: International Typographic Style) in my private works as it is a timeless approach to designing posters, business cards and book covers.
The Swiss Style continues to push boundaries today, as the simplicity and lack of complexity is great for creating brand identity, company logos, posters, infographics, and online user interfaces.
Bibliography:
Neo Neo. (2019). Neo Neo. [online] Available at: https://www.neoneo.ch/ [Accessed 22 May 2019].
Orange Box Ceo (2017). From Google Maps and heightmaps to 3D Terrain – 3D Map Generator Terrain – Photoshop. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwmLeCdfAdc [Accessed 21 May 2019].
Anna Zapf 